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? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2016 october, 2016 ? rev. 29 1 publication order number: lm324/d lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 single supply quad operational amplifiers the lm324 series are low?cost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. they have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. the quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 v or as high as 32 v with quiescent currents about one?fifth of those associated with the mc1741 (on a per amplifier basis). the common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. the output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. features ? short circuited protected outputs ? true differential input stage ? single supply operation: 3.0 v to 32 v ? low input bias currents: 100 na maximum (lm324a) ? four amplifiers per package ? internally compensated ? common mode range extends to negative supply ? industry standard pinouts ? esd clamps on the inputs increase ruggedness without affecting device operation ? ncv prefix for automotive and other applications requiring unique site and control change requirements; aec?q100 qualified and ppap capable ? these devices are pb?free, halogen free/bfr free and are rohs compliant pdip?14 n suffix case 646 1 14 soic?14 d suffix case 751a 1 14 pin connections 8 out 4 inputs 4 v ee , gnd inputs 3 out 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 out 1 v cc out 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 inputs 1 inputs 2 (top view) 4 23 1 see general marking information in the device marking section on page 11 of this data sheet. device marking information see detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. ordering information 1 14 tssop?14 dtb suffix case 948g www. onsemi.com
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 2 maximum ratings (t a = + 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) rating symbol value unit power supply voltages vdc single supply v cc 32 split supplies v cc , v ee 16 input differential voltage range (note 1) v idr 32 vdc input common mode voltage range v icr ?0.3 to 32 vdc output short circuit duration t sc continuous junction temperature t j 150 c thermal resistance, junction?to?air (note 2) case 646 case 751a case 948g r ja 118 156 190 c/w storage temperature range t stg ?65 to +150 c operating ambient temperature range t a c lm224 ?25 to +85 lm324, lm324a, lm324e 0 to +70 lm2902, lm2902e ?40 to +105 lm2902v, ncv2902 (note 3) ?40 to +125 stresses exceeding those listed in the maximum ratings table may damage the device. if any of these limits are exceeded, device function ality should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. split power supplies. 2. all r ja measurements made on evaluation board with 1 oz. copper traces of minimum pad size. all device outputs were active. 3. ncv2902 is qualified for automitive use. esd ratings rating hbm mm unit esd protection at any pin (human body model ? hbm, machine model ? mm) ncv2902 (note 3) lm324e, lm2902e lm324dg/dr2g, lm2902dg/dr2g all other devices 2000 2000 200 2000 200 200 100 200 v v v v
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (v cc = 5.0 v, v ee = gnd, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) lm224 lm324a lm324, lm324e lm2902, lm2902e lm2902v/ncv2902 characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max unit input offset voltage v io mv v cc = 5.0 v to 30 v v icr = 0 v to v cc ?1.7 v, v o = 1.4 v, r s = 0 t a = 25 c ? 2.0 5.0 ? 2.0 3.0 ? 2.0 7.0 ? 2.0 7.0 ? 2.0 7.0 t a = t high (note 4) ? ? 7.0 ? ? 5.0 ? ? 9.0 ? ? 10 ? ? 13 t a = t low (note 4) ? ? 7.0 ? ? 5.0 ? ? 9.0 ? ? 10 ? ? 10 average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage v io / t ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 30 ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 ? v/ c t a = t high to t low (notes 4 and 6) input offset current i io ? 3.0 30 ? 5.0 30 ? 5.0 50 ? 5.0 50 ? 5.0 50 na t a = t high to t low (note 4) ? ? 100 ? ? 75 ? ? 150 ? ? 200 ? ? 200 average temperature coefficient of input offset current i io / t ? 10 ? ? 10 300 ? 10 ? ? 10 ? ? 10 ? pa/ c t a = t high to t low (notes 4 and 6) input bias current i ib ? ?90 ?150 ? ?45 ?100 ? ?90 ?250 ? ?90 ?250 ? ?90 ?250 na t a = t high to t low (note 4) ? ? ?300 ? ? ?200 ? ? ?500 ? ? ?500 ? ? ?500 input common mode voltage range (note 5) v icr v v cc = 30 v t a = +25 c 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 t a = t high to t low (note 4) 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 differential input voltage range v idr ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc v large signal open loop voltage gain a vol v/mv r l = 2.0 k , v cc = 15 v, for large v o swing 50 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? t a = t high to t low (note 4) 25 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? channel separation 10 khz f 20 khz, input referenced cs ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? db common mode rejection, r s 10 k cmr 70 85 ? 65 70 ? 65 70 ? 50 70 ? 50 70 ? db power supply rejection psr 65 100 ? 65 100 ? 65 100 ? 50 100 ? 50 100 ? db 4. lm224: t low = ?25 c, t high = +85 c lm324/lm324a/lm324e: t low = 0 c, t high = +70 c lm2902/lm2902e: t low = ?40 c, t high = +105 c lm2902v & ncv2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +125 c ncv2902 is qualified for automotive use. 5. the input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 v. the upp er end of the common mode voltage range is v cc ?1.7 v, but either or both inputs can go to +32 v without damage, independent of the magnitude of v cc . 6. guaranteed by design.
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 4 electrical characteristics (v cc = 5.0 v, v ee = gnd, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) lm224 lm324a lm324, lm324e lm2902, lm2902e lm2902v/ncv2902 characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max unit output voltage ? high limit v oh v v cc = 5.0 v, r l = 2.0 k , t a = 25 c 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? v cc = 30 v r l = 2.0 k (t a = t high to t low ) (note 7) 26 ? ? 26 ? ? 26 ? ? 26 ? ? 26 ? ? v cc = 30 v r l = 10 k (t a = t high to t low ) (note 7) 27 28 ? 27 28 ? 27 28 ? 27 28 ? 27 28 ? output voltage ? low limit, v cc = 5.0 v, r l = 10 k , t a = t high to t low (note 7) v ol ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 100 ? 5.0 100 mv output source current (v id = +1.0 v, v cc = 15 v) i o + ma t a = 25 c 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? t a = t high to t low (note 7) 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? output sink current i o ? ma (v id = ?1.0 v, v cc = 15 v) t a = 25 c 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? t a = t high to t low (note 7) 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? (v id = ?1.0 v, v o = 200 mv, t a = 25 c) 12 50 ? 12 50 ? 12 50 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? a output short circuit to ground (note 8) i sc ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ma power supply current (t a = t high to t low ) (note 7) i cc ma v cc = 30 v v o = 0 v, r l = ? ? 3.0 ? 1.4 3.0 ? ? 3.0 ? ? 3.0 ? ? 3.0 v cc = 5.0 v, v o = 0 v, r l = ? ? 1.2 ? 0.7 1.2 ? ? 1.2 ? ? 1.2 ? ? 1.2 7. lm224: t low = ?25 c, t high = +85 c lm324/lm324a/lm324e: t low = 0 c, t high = +70 c lm2902/lm2902e: t low = ?40 c, t high = +105 c lm2902v & ncv2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +125 c ncv2902 is qualified for automotive use. 8. the input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 v. the upp er end of the common mode voltage range is v cc ?1.7 v, but either or both inputs can go to +32 v without damage, independent of the magnitude of v cc . product parametric performance is indicated in the electrical characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. product performance may not be indicated by the electrical characteristics if operated under different conditions.
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 5 figure 1. representative circuit diagram (one?fourth of circuit shown) output bias circuitry common to four amplifiers v cc v ee /gnd inputs q2 q3 q4 q5 q26 q7 q8 q6 q9 q11 q10 q1 2.4 k q25 q22 40 k q13 q14 q15 q16 q19 5.0 pf q18 q17 q20 q21 2.0 k q24 q23 q12 25 + -
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 6 circuit description the lm324 series is made using four internally compensated, two?stage operational amplifiers. the first stage of each consists of differential input devices q20 and q18 with input buffer transistors q21 and q17 and the differential to single ended converter q3 and q4. the first stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction functions. by reducing the transconductance, a smaller compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pf) can be employed, thus saving chip area. the transconductance reduction is accomplished by splitting the collectors of q20 and q18. another feature of this input stage is that the input common mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in single supply operation, without saturating either the input devices or the differential to single?ended converter. the second stage consists of a standard current source load amplifier stage. figure 2. large signal voltage follower response v cc = 15 vdc r l = 2.0 k t a = 25 c 5.0 s/div 1.0 v/div each amplifier is biased from an internal?voltage regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as excellent power supply rejection. single supply split supplies v cc v ee /gnd 3.0 v to v cc(max) 1 2 3 4 v cc 1 2 3 4 v ee 1.5 v to v cc(max) 1.5 v to v ee(max) figure 3. 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1.0 10 100 10000 load capacitance (pf) phase margin figure 4. gain and phase margin 1000 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 gain margin (db) phase margin ( ) gain margin
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 7 v or , output voltage range (v ) pp v o , output voltage (mv) 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 1.0 10 100 1000 f, frequency (khz) 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 t, time ( s) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 v cc , power supply voltage (v) v cc , power supply voltage (v) 90 80 70 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 i , power supply current (ma) cc i , input bias current (na) ib v cc = 30 v v ee = gnd t a = 25 c c l = 50 pf input output v , input voltage (v) i 18 16 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 20 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 v cc /v ee, power supply voltages (v) c r l = r l = 2.0 k v cc = 15 v v ee = gnd gain = -100 r i = 1.0 k r f = 100 k figure 5. input voltage range figure 6. open loop frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 m f, frequency (hz) a , large-signal vol open loop voltage gain (db) v cc = 15 v v ee = gnd t a = 25 c figure 7. large?signal frequency response figure 8. small?signal voltage follower pulse response (noninverting) figure 9. power supply current versus power supply voltage figure 10. input bias current versus power supply voltage
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 8 2 1 r1 t bp r1 + r2 r1 r1 + r2 e o e 1 e 2 e o = c (1 + a + b) (e 2 - e 1 ) r1 a r1 b r1 r - + + - - + r + - r1 r2 v o v ref v in v oh v o v ol v inl = r1 (v ol - v ref ) + v ref v inh = (v oh - v ref ) + v ref h = r1 + r2 (v oh - v ol ) r1 - + - + - + r c r2 r1 r3 c1 100 k r c r c1 r2 100 k v in v ref v ref v ref vref bandpass output f o = 2 rc r1 = qr r2 = r3 = t n r2 c1 = 10c 1 notch output v ref =v cc hysteresis 1 c r v inl v inh v ref where:t bp =center frequency gain where: t n =passband notch gain r = 160 k c = 0.001 f r1 = 1.6 m r2 = 1.6 m r3 = 1.6 m for:f o =1.0 khz for: q= 10 for: t bp = 1 for: t n = 1 - + mc1403 1/4 lm324 - + r1 v cc v cc v o 2.5 v r2 50 k 10 k v ref v ref = v cc 2 5.0 k r c r c + - v o 2 rc 1 for: f o = 1.0 khz r = 16 k c = 0.01 f v o = 2.5 v 1 + r1 r2 1 v cc f o = 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1 c r 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 figure 11. voltage reference figure 12. wien bridge oscillator figure 13. high impedance differential amplifier figure 14. comparator with hysteresis figure 15. bi?quad filter
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 9 2 1 for less than 10% error from operational amplifier, if source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters. where f o and bw are expressed in hz. q o f o bw < 0.1 given:f o =center frequency a(f o )=gain at center frequency choose value f o , c then: r3 = q f o c r3 r1 = 2 a(f o ) r1 r3 4q 2 r1 - r3 r2 = + - + - v ref =v cc v ref f = r1 + r c 4 cr f r1 r3 = r2 r1 r2 + r1 r2 300 k 75 k r3 r1 100 k c triangle wave output square wave output v in r f if v ref 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 figure 16. function generator figure 17. multiple feedback bandpass filter v ref =v cc 1 2 - + v cc r3 r1 r2 v ref c c v o co = 10 c c o 1/4 lm324
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 10 ordering information device operating temperature range package shipping ? lm224dg ?25 c to +85 c soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm224dr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm224dtbg tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/tube lm224dtbr2g tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm224ng pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm324dg 0 c to +70 c soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm324dr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm324edr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm324dtbg tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/tube lm324dtbr2g tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel LM324NG pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm324adg soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm324adr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm324adtbg tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/tube lm324adtbr2g tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm324ang pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm2902dg ?40 c to +105 c soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm2902dr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm2902edr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm2902dtbg tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/tube lm2902dtbr2g tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm2902ng pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm2902vdg ?40 c to +125 c soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm2902vdr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm2902vdtbg tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/tube lm2902vdtbr2g tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel lm2902vng pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail ncv2902dr2g* soic?14 (pb?free) 2500/tape & reel ncv2902dtbr2g* tssop?14 (pb?free) ?for information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our tape and reel packaging specifications brochure, brd8011/d. *ncv prefix for automotive and other applications requiring unique site and control change requirements; aec?q100 qualified and ppap capable.
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 11 marking diagrams x = 2 or 3 a = assembly location wl, l = wafer lot yy, y = year ww, w = work week g or = pb?free package pdip?14 n suffix case 646 soic?14 d suffix case 751a 1 14 lm324an awlyywwg 1 14 lmx24n awlyywwg 1 14 lm2902n awlyywwg 1 14 lm2902vn awlyywwg *this marking diagram also applies to ncv2902. tssop?14 dtb suffix case 948g 1 14 x24 alyw 1 14 1 14 1 14 * 324a alyw 2902 alyw 2902 v alyw lm324adg awlyww 1 14 lmx24dg awlyww 1 14 lm2902dg awlyww 1 14 lm2902vdg awlyww 1 14 (note: microdot may be in either location) lmx24eg awlyww 1 14 lm2902eg awlyww 1 14
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 12 package dimensions soic?14 case 751a?03 issue k notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per asme y14.5m, 1994. 2. controlling dimension: millimeters. 3. dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. allowable protrusion shall be 0.13 total in excess of at maximum material condition. 4. dimensions d and e do not include mold protrusions. 5. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 per side. h 14 8 7 1 m 0.25 b m c h x 45 seating plane a1 a m s a m 0.25 b s c b 13x b a e d e detail a l a3 detail a dim min max min max inches millimeters d 8.55 8.75 0.337 0.344 e 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157 a 1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068 b 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 l 0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049 e 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc a3 0.19 0.25 0.008 0.010 a1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010 m 0 7 0 7 h 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244 h 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019 6.50 14x 0.58 14x 1.18 1.27 dimensions: millimeters 1 pitch soldering footprint* *for additional information on our pb?free strategy and soldering details, please download the on semiconductor soldering and mounting techniques reference manual, solderrm/d.
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 13 package dimensions tssop?14 case 948g issue b dim min max min max inches millimeters a 4.90 5.10 0.193 0.200 b 4.30 4.50 0.169 0.177 c ??? 1.20 ??? 0.047 d 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.006 f 0.50 0.75 0.020 0.030 g 0.65 bsc 0.026 bsc h 0.50 0.60 0.020 0.024 j 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008 j1 0.09 0.16 0.004 0.006 k 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012 k1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010 l 6.40 bsc 0.252 bsc m 0 8 0 8 notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimension a does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. mold flash or gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15 (0.006) per side. 4. dimension b does not include interlead flash or protrusion. interlead flash or protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 (0.010) per side. 5. dimension k does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08 (0.003) total in excess of the k dimension at maximum material condition. 6. terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 7. dimension a and b are to be determined at datum plane ?w?. s u 0.15 (0.006) t 2x l/2 s u m 0.10 (0.004) v s t l ?u? seating plane 0.10 (0.004) ?t? ??? ??? 0.25 (0.010) 8 14 7 1 pin 1 ident. h g a d c b s u 0.15 (0.006) t ?v? 14x ref k n n 7.06 14x 0.36 14x 1.26 0.65 dimensions: millimeters 1 pitch soldering footprint
lm324, lm324a, lm324e, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902e, lm2902v, ncv2902 www. onsemi.com 14 package dimensions pdip?14 case 646?06 issue s 17 14 8 b2 note 8 d a top view e1 b b l a1 a c seating plane 0.010 ca side view m 14x d1 e a2 note 3 m b m eb e end view end view with leads constrained dim min max inches a ???? 0.210 a1 0.015 ???? b 0.014 0.022 c 0.008 0.014 d 0.735 0.775 d1 0.005 ???? e 0.100 bsc e 0.300 0.325 m ???? 10 ??? 5.33 0.38 ??? 0.35 0.56 0.20 0.36 18.67 19.69 0.13 ??? 2.54 bsc 7.62 8.26 ??? 10 min max millimeters notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per asme y14.5m, 1994. 2. controlling dimension: inches. 3. dimensions a, a1 and l are measured with the pack- age seated in jedec seating plane gauge gs?3. 4. dimensions d, d1 and e1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions are not to exceed 0.10 inch. 5. dimension e is measured at a point 0.015 below datum plane h with the leads constrained perpendicular to datum c. 6. dimension eb is measured at the lead tips with the leads unconstrained. 7. datum plane h is coincident with the bottom of the leads, where the leads exit the body. 8. package contour is optional (rounded or square corners). e1 0.240 0.280 6.10 7.11 b2 eb ???? 0.430 ??? 10.92 0.060 typ 1.52 typ c a2 0.115 0.195 2.92 4.95 l 0.115 0.150 2.92 3.81 h note 5 note 6 m on semiconductor and are trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc dba on semiconductor or its subsidiaries i n the united states and/or other countries. on semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property . a listing of on semiconductor?s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/patent?marking.pdf . on semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. on semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does o n semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. buyer is responsible for its products and applications using on semiconductor products, including compliance with all laws, reg ulations and safety requirements or standards, regardless of any support or applications information provided by on semiconductor. ?typical? parameters which may be provided in on semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in dif ferent applications and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including ?typic als? must be validated for each customer application by customer?s technical experts. on semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the right s of others. on semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as a critical component in life support systems or any fda class 3 medical devices or medical devices with a same or similar classification in a foreign jurisdiction or any devices intended for implantation in the human body. should buyer purchase or use on semicondu ctor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold on semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distrib utors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that on semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. on semiconductor is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. this literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. p ublication ordering information n. american technical support : 800?282?9855 toll free usa/canada europe, middle east and africa technical support: phone: 421 33 790 2910 japan customer focus center phone: 81?3?5817?1050 lm324/d literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor 19521 e. 32nd pkwy, aurora, colorado 80011 usa phone : 303?675?2175 or 800?344?3860 toll free usa/canada fax : 303?675?2176 or 800?344?3867 toll free usa/canada email : orderlit@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : www.onsemi.com order literature : http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit for additional information, please contact your loc al sales representative ?

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